Inventories

 
2018
2017
     
Raw materials and consumables
509
517
Intermediates and finished goods
1,574
1,392
     
 
2,083
1,909
Adjustments to lower net realizable value
(90)
(61)
     
Total
1,993
1,848

The carrying amount of inventories adjusted to net realizable value was €271 million (2017: €216 million).

Changes in the adjustment to net realizable value

 
2018
2017
     
Balance at 1 January
(61)
(63)
     
Additions charged to income statement
(97)
(99)
Utilization/reversals
69
97
Exchange differences
(1)
4
     
Balance at 31 December
(90)
(61)