Net sales and costs
Net sales
|
2018
|
2017
|
|
|
Goods sold
|
9,091
|
8,451
|
|
Services rendered
|
164
|
173
|
|
Royalties
|
12
|
8
|
|
Total
|
9,267
|
8,632
|
Fulfillment of the performance obligations of goods is measured using the commercial shipment terms as an indicator for the transfer of control. Fulfillment of the performance obligations for services rendered is identified according to the individual contract. The payment terms are determined per business segment on a customer basis. DSM has neither specific obligations for returns or refunds, nor specific warranties or other related obligations.
Disaggregation of net sales
|
2018
|
2017
|
|
|
Nutrition
|
||
|---|---|---|
|
DSM Nutritional Products:
|
||
|
- Animal Nutrition & Health
|
3,134
|
2,660
|
|
- Human Nutrition & Health
|
2,019
|
1,939
|
|
- Personal Care & Aroma Ingredients
|
382
|
353
|
|
- Other
|
112
|
86
|
|
5,647
|
5,038
|
|
|
DSM Food Specialties
|
490
|
541
|
|
Total
|
6,137
|
5,579
|
|
Materials
|
||
|
DSM Engineering Plastics
|
1,516
|
1,448
|
|
DSM Dyneema
|
344
|
332
|
|
DSM Resins & Functional Materials
|
1,053
|
1,045
|
|
Total
|
2,913
|
2,825
|
|
Innovation Center
|
172
|
169
|
|
Corporate Activities
|
45
|
59
|
|
Total
|
9,267
|
8,632
|
Total costs
In 2018, total operating costs amounted to €8.0 billion, €0.2 billion higher than in 2017, when these costs stood at €7.8 billion. Total operating costs in 2018 included Cost of sales amounting to €5.9 billion (2017: €5.7 billion); gross margin as a percentage of net sales stood at 37% (2017: 34%).
Employee benefit costs
|
2018
|
2017
|
|
|
Wages and salaries
|
1,433
|
1,452
|
|
Social security costs
|
185
|
181
|
|
Pension costs (see also Note 24)
|
110
|
112
|
|
Share-based compensation (see also Note 27)
|
25
|
23
|
|
Total
|
1,753
|
1,768
|
Depreciation, amortization and impairments
|
2018
|
2017
|
|
|
Amortization of intangible assets
|
149
|
146
|
|
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
|
320
|
318
|
|
Impairment losses
|
40
|
38
|
|
Total
|
509
|
502
|
Other operating income
|
2018
|
2017
|
|
|
Release of provisions
|
8
|
6
|
|
Gain on sale of assets and activities
|
25
|
20
|
|
Insurance benefits
|
18
|
4
|
|
Amendments/settlements pension plans
|
11
|
20
|
|
Earn-out payments and other settlements
|
10
|
28
|
|
Sundry
|
32
|
26
|
|
Total
|
104
|
104
|
Other operating expense
|
2018
|
2017
|
|
|
Additions to provisions
|
36
|
87
|
|
Exchange differences
|
7
|
8
|
|
Acquisitions/Disposals
|
7
|
3
|
|
Earn-out Amyris Brasil
|
11
|
-
|
|
Sundry
|
22
|
14
|
|
Total
|
83
|
112
|