Intangible assets

The carrying amount of intangible assets mainly comprises goodwill on the acquisition of NeoResins in 2005 (€358 million), Crina in 2006 (€8 million) and Pentapharm in 2007 (€34 million). For further information on these assets including the discussion of the related impairment tests, please refer to Note 8 Intangible assets in the 'Notes to the consolidated financial statements of Royal DSM'.

 
Goodwill
Under construction
Other
Total
         
Balance at 1 January 2017
       
Cost
403
4
78
485
Amortization and impairment losses
-
-
38
38
         
Carrying amount
403
4
40
447
         
Change in carrying amount
       
- Capital expenditure
-
1
-
1
- Put into operation
-
(4)
4
-
- Exchange difference
(4)
-
-
(4)
- Amortization
-
-
(8)
(8)
- Impairment losses
-
-
(3)
(3)
         
 
(4)
(3)
(7)
(14)
Balance at 31 December 2017
       
Cost
399
1
83
483
Amortization and impairment losses
-
-
50
50
         
Carrying amount
399
1
33
433
         
Change in carrying amount
       
- Capital expenditure
-
4
-
4
- Put into operation
-
(1)
1
-
- Exchange difference
1
-
-
1
- Amortization
-
-
(7)
(7)
         
 
1
3
(6)
(2)
Balance at 31 December 2018
       
Cost
400
4
85
489
Amortization and impairment losses
-
-
58
58
         
Carrying amount
400
4
27
431