4 Segment information

In 2021, DSM’s reportable operating segments were Nutrition, Materials and the Innovation Center, as mentioned in Note 1 General Information. DSM has segmented its operations by business activity from which revenues are earned and expenses incurred. These operating results are regularly reviewed by the entity’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the operating segment and assess its performance. DSM uses Adjusted EBITDA as the main indicator to evaluate the consolidated performance as well as the performance per operating segment. Discrete financial information is available for each identified operating segment.

The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in the Summary of significant accounting policies. Transactions between segments are generally executed at market-based prices. Interest income, interest expense, and income tax expense or income are not allocated to segments as these amounts are not included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the CODM, or otherwise regularly provided to the CODM.

Our operating segment Nutrition serves the global industries for animal feed, food & beverage, pharmaceuticals, infant nutrition, dietary supplements, and personal care. It does so by the production of pure active ingredients, their incorporation into sophisticated forms, and the provision of tailored premixes and forward solutions.

Our operating segment Materials is a global player in specialty plastics, which are used in components for the electrical and electronics, automotive, flexible food-packaging, and consumer goods industries. Furthermore, Materials is a global player in providing innovative and sustainable ultra-strong, ultra-light Dyneema^® fiber and fabrics.

Our operating segment Innovation Center focuses on innovation and the growth of DSM’s existing core business through adjacent technologies via its Corporate Research Program as well as through the company’s venturing and licensing activities. Additionally, it identifies and invests in new and innovative growth options. The Innovation Center is responsible for developing and extracting value from DSM’s Emerging Business Areas.

Any consolidated activities outside the three reportable operating segments above are reported as the reportable segment ‘Corporate Activities’. These mainly comprise operating and service activities as well as several costs that cannot be allocated to the operating segments.

DSM does not have a single external customer that represents 10% or more of total sales.