2 Intangible assets
The carrying amount of intangible assets mainly comprises goodwill on the acquisition of NeoResins in 2005 (€358 million), Crina in 2006 (€8 million) and Pentapharm in 2007 (€36 million). For further information on these assets including the discussion of the related impairment tests, see Note 8 'Intangible assets' in the 'Notes to the consolidated financial statements of Royal DSM'.
Goodwill | Under construction | Other | Total | |
Balance at 1 January 2018 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cost | 399 | 1 | 83 | 483 |
Amortization and impairment losses | - | - | 50 | 50 |
Carrying amount | 399 | 1 | 33 | 433 |
Change in carrying amount | ||||
| - | 4 | - | 4 |
| - | (1) | 1 | - |
| 1 | - | - | 1 |
| - | - | (7) | (7) |
1 | 3 | (6) | (2) | |
Balance at 31 December 2018 | ||||
Cost | 400 | 4 | 85 | 489 |
Amortization and impairment losses | - | - | 58 | 58 |
Carrying amount | 400 | 4 | 27 | 431 |
Change in carrying amount | ||||
| - | 3 | - | 3 |
| - | (3) | 3 | - |
| 2 | - | - | 2 |
| - | - | (8) | (8) |
2 | - | (5) | (3) | |
Balance at 31 December 2019 | ||||
Cost | 402 | 4 | 88 | 494 |
Amortization and impairment losses | - | - | (66) | (66) |
Carrying amount | 402 | 4 | 22 | 428 |